Zyxin is a LIM domain-containing cytoskeletal protein crucial for mechanotransduction, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell adhesion. Predominantly localized at focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, zyxin serves as a scaffold for proteins involved in signal transduction and mechanical force adaptation. Its N-terminal proline-rich domain enables interactions with SH3 domain-containing proteins, while its C-terminal LIM domains facilitate protein-protein interactions, contributing to cytoskeletal integrity and gene expression regulation (1).
Beyond its general cytoskeletal functions, zyxin plays a pivotal role in vascular biology by maintaining endothelial barrier function and regulating actin dynamics in response to shear stress, thus impacting vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis, as well as a role in inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (2). In brain ischemia, zyxin modulates neurovascular responses, influencing cell survival and tissue recovery following stroke-induced damage. It has been shown to regulate blood-brain barrier integrity and contribute to neuronal cytoskeletal reorganization under ischemic stress (3).
Moreover, zyxin has emerged as a significant player in tumorigenesis, where it exerts context-dependent effects on cancer progression. While it supports tumor cell migration and invasion by modulating actin polymerization and focal adhesion turnover, it also interacts with signaling pathways that can either suppress or promote malignancy, depending on tumor type and the cellular microenvironment (4). Understanding zyxin’s dual role in tumor biology provides potential therapeutic insights into targeting cytoskeletal dynamics in cancer treatment.